Data Calculators
Calculate bandwidth converter, data storage converter and data transfer rate converter and other data calculations.
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Data Guides
How Data Storage Sizes Are Converted
Converting between bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes uses the binary (1024-based) convention that Windows, macOS, and file managers report sizes in — not the 1000-based convention some manufacturers and standards bodies use instead.
Read guideHow Data Transfer Rates Are Converted
Network speeds like Mbps and Gbps convert using a 1,000-based decimal convention — a different base than data storage sizes use — and converting between bit-based and byte-based rates always involves an extra factor of 8.
Read guideWhy Storage Uses 1,024 but Network Speed Uses 1,000
A "1 terabyte" hard drive, measured the binary way, holds 1,099,511,627,776 bytes — but many manufacturers advertise capacity using a decimal terabyte of exactly 1,000,000,000,000 bytes, which is why the drive shows up as slightly less than 1TB on your computer.
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