Mathematics Calculators
Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and number-theory tools.
The Mathematics calculators cover everyday percentages and fractions, algebra and geometry, number systems, and the heavier tools — matrices, vectors, logarithms — that come up in school and engineering courses. Each page shows the formula it applies, so the tools are as useful for checking a method as for getting an answer.
Which Mathematics calculator do you need?
- Percentages — of a number, change, differencePercentage CalculatorThe general percentage tool; percentage-change and percentage-difference cover the comparisons.
- Adding, simplifying or converting fractionsFraction CalculatorAdds, subtracts, multiplies or divides two fractions and shows the result as a fraction and a decimal.
- Solving an equationQuadratic Formula CalculatorRoots of ax² + bx + c = 0 and the discriminant, including complex roots; its worked examples show each step.
- A right triangle's longest sidePythagorean Theorem CalculatorThe hypotenuse from the two shorter sides, using a² + b² = c².
- Area of a shapeArea CalculatorArea for common shapes; circle, triangle and polygon tools go into more detail.
- Converting between binary, decimal and hexBinary CalculatorConverts in either direction; single-direction tools exist for the most common conversions.
- Working with matricesMatrix CalculatorAdds, subtracts or multiplies matrices; determinant and inverse have their own tools.
Browse Mathematics Calculators by Type
Arithmetic
12 calculators
- Basic Math Calculator
- Big Number Calculator
- Decimal to Fraction Calculator
- Exponent Calculator
- Fraction Calculator
Geometry
8 calculators
- Area Calculator
- Circle Calculator
- Polygon Calculator
- Pythagorean Theorem Calculator
- Rectangle Calculator
All Mathematics Calculators
Absolute Value CalculatorCalculate the absolute value of a number — its distance from zero, always expressed as a non-negative value.Area CalculatorCalculate the area of a circle, rectangle, square, or triangle — pick a shape and enter its dimensions.Arithmetic Sequence CalculatorCalculate any term and the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence — a sequence where each term increases (or decreases) by the same fixed amount.Basic Math CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, or divide two numbers.Big Number CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, or divide two very large whole numbers exactly, beyond normal floating-point precision.Binary to Decimal CalculatorConvert a binary (base 2) number to decimal (base 10).Binary CalculatorConvert a number between binary and decimal, in either direction.Circle CalculatorCalculate the area, circumference, and diameter of a circle from its radius.Complex Number CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, or divide two complex numbers.Complex Number Polar Form CalculatorConvert a complex number between rectangular (a + bi) and polar (r∠θ) form.Cosine CalculatorCalculate the cosine of an angle, in degrees or radians.Cube Root CalculatorCalculate the cube root of any number, positive or negative.Decimal to Binary CalculatorConvert a decimal (base 10) number to binary (base 2).Decimal to Fraction CalculatorConvert a decimal number to a fraction in lowest terms.Decimal to Hex CalculatorConvert a decimal (base 10) number to hexadecimal (base 16).Degree Radian ConverterConvert an angle between degrees and radians, in either direction.Equation SolverSolve a linear or quadratic equation from its coefficients.Euler Number CalculatorGet Euler's number (e) to any number of decimal places, up to 15.Exponent CalculatorCalculate base raised to an exponent (base^exponent), including negative and fractional exponents.Exponential Decay CalculatorCalculate the final value of a quantity declining at a fixed percentage rate over a number of periods.Exponential Growth CalculatorCalculate the final value of a quantity growing at a fixed percentage rate over a number of periods.Factor CalculatorList all the factors (divisors) of a whole number.Factorial CalculatorCalculate the factorial (n!) of a whole number — the product of all positive integers up to n.Fibonacci CalculatorCalculate any term of the Fibonacci sequence, where each number is the sum of the two before it.Fraction CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, or divide two fractions, with the result simplified to lowest terms.Fraction SimplifierSimplify a fraction to its lowest terms.Fraction to Decimal CalculatorConvert a fraction to its decimal equivalent.GCF CalculatorCalculate the greatest common factor (GCF), also known as the greatest common divisor (GCD), of two whole numbers.Geometric Sequence CalculatorCalculate any term and the sum of the first n terms of a geometric sequence — a sequence where each term is multiplied by the same fixed ratio to get the next one.Half-Life CalculatorCalculate how much of a substance remains after a given time, based on its half-life.Hex to Decimal CalculatorConvert a hexadecimal (base 16) number to decimal (base 10).Hex CalculatorConvert a number between hexadecimal and decimal, in either direction.Inverse Trigonometry CalculatorCalculate the angle from a sine, cosine, or tangent value — arcsin, arccos, or arctan.LCM CalculatorCalculate the least common multiple (LCM) of two whole numbers.Linear Equation CalculatorSolve a linear equation ax + b = 0 for x.Logarithm CalculatorCalculate the logarithm of a number for any base.Matrix CalculatorAdd, subtract, or multiply two matrices of any compatible size.Matrix Determinant CalculatorCalculate the determinant of a square matrix of any size.Matrix Inverse CalculatorCalculate the inverse of a square matrix of any size.Mixed Number CalculatorAdd, subtract, multiply, or divide two mixed numbers (like 1 1/2).Modulo CalculatorCalculate the modulo of two numbers (a mod b) — the result always takes the sign of the divisor, matching the convention used in mathematics and languages like Python.Natural Log CalculatorCalculate the natural logarithm (ln) of a number, base e.Nth Root CalculatorCalculate the nth root of any number, for any root degree you choose — a generalization of square root and cube root.Number Range GeneratorGenerate multiple random whole numbers from a range, with or without duplicates.Number Sequence CalculatorEnter a list of numbers to detect whether they follow an arithmetic or geometric pattern, and predict the next term.Octal CalculatorConvert a number between octal and decimal, in either direction.Percent Error CalculatorCalculate the percent error between an experimental (measured) value and a theoretical (accepted) value — commonly used in science and lab work.Percentage CalculatorCalculate what a given percentage of a number is, along with the remaining amount — for example, "what is 20% of 250?"Percentage Change CalculatorCalculate the percentage change between an original value and a new value — works for both increases and decreases.Percentage Decrease CalculatorCalculate the percentage decrease from an original value to a lower new value.Percentage Difference CalculatorCalculate the symmetric percentage difference between two values, treating neither value as the "before" baseline.Percentage Increase CalculatorCalculate the percentage increase from an original value to a higher new value.Pi CalculatorGet the value of pi (π) to any number of decimal places, up to 15.Polygon CalculatorCalculate the perimeter, area, and interior angle of a regular polygon (all sides and angles equal) from its number of sides and side length.Polynomial CalculatorEvaluate a polynomial at a specific value of x, for any degree.Prime Factorization CalculatorBreak a whole number down into its prime factors.Prime Number GeneratorGenerate the first N prime numbers.Proportion CalculatorSolve a proportion (A:B = C:D) for the missing fourth value.Pythagorean Theorem CalculatorCalculate the hypotenuse of a right triangle from its two legs, using the Pythagorean theorem (a² + b² = c²).Quadratic Formula CalculatorSolve ax² + bx + c = 0 for x using the quadratic formula, including complex roots.Random Integer GeneratorGenerate a random whole number within a range.Random Number GeneratorGenerate a random number within a range, with a chosen number of decimal places.Ratio CalculatorSimplify a ratio (like 8:12) to its lowest terms.Rectangle CalculatorCalculate the area, perimeter, and diagonal length of a rectangle from its length and width.Remainder CalculatorCalculate the remainder of two numbers (a divided by b) — the result always takes the sign of the dividend, matching the convention used by most calculators and programming languages like JavaScript and C.Right Triangle CalculatorCalculate the hypotenuse, area, perimeter, and both acute angles of a right triangle from its two legs.Rounding CalculatorRound a number to a fixed number of decimal places, or to the nearest multiple of any amount — to the nearest value, always up, or always down.Scientific CalculatorEvaluate mathematical expressions including trigonometric, logarithmic, and power functions, with support for both degrees and radians.Scientific Notation CalculatorConvert a number between standard decimal form and scientific notation (a × 10^b), in either direction.Sequence CalculatorCalculate any term and the sum of an arithmetic or geometric sequence, choosing the type you need in one place.Sine CalculatorCalculate the sine of an angle, in degrees or radians.Square Area CalculatorCalculate the area, perimeter, and diagonal of a square from its side length.Square Root CalculatorCalculate the square root of any non-negative number.System of Equations CalculatorSolve a system of two linear equations with two unknowns (x and y) using Cramer's rule.Tangent CalculatorCalculate the tangent of an angle, in degrees or radians.Triangle CalculatorCalculate the area, perimeter, and all three angles of a triangle from its three side lengths (SSS).Trigonometry CalculatorCalculate the sine, cosine, or tangent of an angle, in degrees or radians.Vector CalculatorAdd or subtract two vectors of any dimension, and find the resulting vector's magnitude.Vector Cross Product CalculatorCalculate the cross product of two 3D vectors, and the resulting vector's magnitude.Vector Dot Product CalculatorCalculate the dot product of two vectors and the angle between them.
Percentage change vs percentage difference
Percentage change measures a move from an old value to a new one, so the starting value is the base and the direction matters. Percentage difference compares two values with neither as the starting point, using their average as the base — which is why the two tools can give different answers for the same pair of numbers.
Limitations
- Results are rounded for display; very large or very small inputs can show rounding error.
Mathematics Calculator Guides
Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers Step by Step
The mixed number calculator converts each mixed number to an improper fraction, applies the operation, and converts back — and this article traces that process through real add, subtract, and multiply results.
Read guideAdding, Multiplying, and Dividing Fractions With One Formula
The fraction calculator handles add, subtract, multiply, and divide with the same core steps — combine the numerators and denominators for the chosen operation, then simplify — and this article walks through a real result for each operation.
Read guideArithmetic vs Geometric Sequences: How to Tell Them Apart
An arithmetic sequence adds the same fixed amount to get each next term; a geometric sequence multiplies by the same fixed factor instead — the test is whether consecutive terms share a constant difference or a constant ratio.
Read guideBasic Arithmetic: Worked Examples for Add, Subtract, Multiply, and Divide
The basic math calculator handles exactly four operations on two numbers, and seeing real results for each — including a division that lands on a whole number — shows how it rounds internally versus what it displays.
Read guideBig Number Results in Scientific Notation
A big-number arithmetic result can run to dozens of digits, and feeding that exact digit string straight into the scientific notation calculator turns it into a compact, readable mantissa and exponent.
Read guideCalculating the Area, Perimeter, and Interior Angle of a Regular Decagon
A regular decagon's perimeter, area, and interior angle all fall out of just two inputs — the number of sides and the side length — and this article works through the real numbers for one.
Read guide